Expression of Runt-related Transcription Factor 3 in Human Colon Cancer Cell Line HCT-116 Resistant to 5-Fluorouracil and the Mechanism of Drug Resistance / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To establish a human colon cancer cell line HCT-116/5-FU resistant to 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)and explore the relationship between runt-related transcription factor 3(RUNX3)and drug resistance of colorectal cancer.Methods The human colon cancer cell line HCT-116/5-FU with resistance to 5-FU was established by low concentration gradient increment combined with high-dose intermittent shock.CCK-8 method was used to determine the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC

Significance of Detecting Serum Complement C3 and C4 in Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the significance of detecting serum complement C3 and C4 in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and to explore its correlation with myeloma bone disease (MBD).@*METHODS@#The levels of serum complement C3 and C4 in 69 MM patients and 30 healthy people were examined by scatter nephelometry. The bone density of L1-4 vertebral body, bilateral femoral neck and bilateral hip joints were measured by dual energy bone density meter (DXA).@*RESULTS@#The levels of serum complement C3 and C4 in MM patients significantly increased in comparison with that in healthy people (P＜0.01). The patients in advanced clinical stage exhibited a higher levels of C3 and C4 than those in stable stage (P＜0.01). In addition, the patients with grade C of MBD had a higher levels of serum complement C3 and C4 than those in patients with grade A and B of MBD (P＜0.01). The levels of serum complement C3 and C4 in MM patients negatively correlated with bone density in L1-4 vertebral body, bilateral femoral necks and hip joints. The correlation coefficients were r=-0.938, r=-0.659, r=-0.745, r=-0.748, r=-0.596 in complement C3 and r=-0.908, r=-0.623, r=-0.710, r=-0.714, r=-0.595 in complement C4, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The levels of complement C3 and C4 positively correlate with the severity of bone disease and bone density in MM patients, which suggests that complement C3 and C4 plays important roles in the development of MBD. The levels of serum C3 and C4 may be the sensitive biomarkers of MBD.

Determination of Five Saponins in 70% Ethanol Elution Effective Fraction of Chaihu Plus Longgu Muli Decoction by HPLC-ELSD / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for content determination of ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d, and saikosaponin B2 in 70% ethanol elution effective fraction of Chaihu plus Longgu Muli decoction by HPLC-ELSD. METHODS: A Diamonsil C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used as the stationary phase and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water. Gradient elution was carried out at the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. The column temperature was maitained at 30 ℃. The ELSD detector was operated at 105℃ with nebulizing gas at the optimum flow rate of 2.5 L·min-1. RESULTS: The average contents of ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d, and saikosaponin B2 were 0.474%, 1.372%, 1.554%, 0.883%, and 2.073%, respectively. The calibration curves were linear in the ranges of 1.820-9.10, 1.810-9.050, 1.130-10.170, 0.420-2.100, and 3.125-15.625 μg, respectively. The RSDs of precision, reproducibility and recovery were all less than 3.0%. CONCLUSION: The method is rapid, simple, reliable and accurate, and has been successfully used to the quantification of five components in 70% ethanol elution effective fraction of Chaihu plus Longgu Muli decoction, which can provide a basis for the quality evaluation of Chaihu plus Longgu Muli decoction.

Expression of aquaporin 4 in 1,2-dichloroethane-induced toxic brain edema in rats / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of aquaporin 4( APQ4) in rat toxic brain edema induced by subacute 1,2-dichloroethane( 1,2-DCE) exposure. METHODS: Thirty-two specific pathogen free healthy adult female SD rats were randomly divided into control( 8 rats),low-dose( 12 rats) and high-dose( 12 rats) groups. The treatment groups were exposed to 1,2-DCE( low-dose: 600 mg / m3; high-dose: 1 800 mg/m3,nose-only) and the control group was exposed to fresh air by dynamic inhalation for 8 hours per day for consecutive 7 days. After exposure,histopathologic changes were examined in the cerebral cortex. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA relative expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2( MMP2),Na-K-Cl cotransporter-1( NKCC1) and AQP4. The Western blotting was used to detect the expression of AQP4 protein in the cerebral cortex. RESULTS: The pathological results showed that the cerebral cortex tissues were loose around the peripheral vessels and the vessels tissue space appeared widen in low-dose exposure group. The pathological change was more serious in high-dose group than low-dose group,with obvious loosen vessels and vacuole. Compared with those of the control group and the low-dose group,the relative expression level of MMP2 mRNA in the high-dose group increased significantly[( 1. 07 ± 0. 41) vs( 1. 56 ± 0. 55),( 1. 21 ± 0. 59) vs( 1. 56 ± 0. 55),P <0. 05],while the the relative expression level of AQP4 mRNA in the high-dose group significantly decreased [( 1. 03 ±0. 25) vs( 0. 81 ± 0. 12),( 1. 00 ± 0. 20) vs( 0. 81 ± 0. 12),P < 0. 05]. The relative expression levels of NKCC1 mRNA in all groups showed no statistical difference [( 1. 03 ± 0. 31) vs( 1. 14 ± 0. 43) vs( 1. 36 ± 0. 50),P > 0. 05]. The relative expression level of AQP4 protein in the high-dose group was lower than that of the control group [( 0. 80 ± 0. 25) vs( 1. 19 ± 0. 42),P < 0. 05]. CONCLUSION: The brain edema induced by subacute inhalation of 1,2-DCE is of mixed types with vasogenic edema as its main symptom. Its pathogenesis is related to the changes of AQP4 expression.

Willingness to Pay for Measures of Managing the Health Effects of Heat Wave in Beijing, China: a Cross-sectional Survey / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>There are evidences that heat wave events cause deaths and emergency cases. This article used the contingent valuation method to find the willingness to pay for the protective measures and investigated the factors that influence the willingness to pay.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional face-to-face household survey was completed by 637 urban long-term residents and 591 rural long-term residents aged 15-79 in Beijing, China. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors that influenced the payment rate or payment amount for the protective measures, including independent variables for district, gender, age, education, income, air conditioner ownership, heat wave experience, and chronic non-communicable disease.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The payment rate was 41.1% for protective measures provided by the government and 39.5% by measures provided by the market. Most of the respondents were willing to pay 40 CNY per capita annually for measures provided by the government or the market. The factors influencing willingness to pay were district, gender, income, air conditioner ownership, heat wave experience, and chronic non-communicable disease..</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Protective measures for heat waves need to be provided immediately. More attention should be paid to the situation of vulnerable groups, such as people who live in urban areas, those without air conditioning, and those who have experienced a heat wave in the past.</p>

Gene promoter methylation in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the features of methylation in the promoter region of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene and the association between gene promoter methylation and G6PD deficiency.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of G6PD in 130 children with G6PD deficiency. Sixty-five children without G6PD deficiency served as the control group. The methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting curve analysis and bisulfite PCR sequencing were used to analyze gene promoter methylation in 22 children with G6PD deficiency and low G6PD mRNA expression. The G6PD gene promoter methylation was analyzed in 44 girls with normal G6PD mRNA expression (7 from G6PD deficiency group and 37 from control group).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-two (16.9%) children with G6PD deficiency had relatively low mRNA expression of G6PD; among whom, 16 boys showed no methylation, and 6 girls showed partial methylation. Among the 44 girls with normal G6PD mRNA expression, 40 showed partial methylation, and 4 showed no methylation (1 case in the G6PD group and 3 cases in the control group).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gene promoter methylation is not associated with G6PD deficiency in boys. Girls have partial methylation or no methylation in the G6PD gene, suggesting that the methylation may be related to G6PD deficiency in girls.</p>

Comparison and evaluation of the surgical effect and binocular vision change before and after surgery for intermittent exotropia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the preoperative binocular visual function of intermittent exotropia and the rebuilding and recovery of the postoperative binocular visual function, and analyze the effect of binocular visual function on orthophoria after surgery. METHODS:From January 2011 to January 2014, 47 basic intermittent exotropia patients caming for treatment were collected in the clinical data. The changes in their near stereopsis, binocular visual function, binocular fusion and distance stereopsis after operations were recorded in the form of data. The preoperative binocular vision and the postoperative rebuilding were analyzed and contrasted with each other. In addition, the effect on the postoperative maintaining of orthophoria due to the existence, recovery and rebuilding of binocular visual function were observed. RESULTS:Intermittent exotropia patients got damage in different levels on their binocular visual functions, especially on distance stereopsis, which was the heaviest and earliest. After the operation, all functions were obviously recovered and reconstructed and the improvements were statistically significant compared against those before the operation (PCONCLUSION: The intermittent exotropia cause damage to the stereopsis which happened the earliest. Obvious recovery and reconstruction of binocular visual function can be observed after the surgery. A relatively good preoperative binocular visual function may lead to the increase in the ratio of orthophoria or cure the intermittent exotropia. Performing an operation when distance stereopsis is damaged can increase the success rate for the surgery and reduce the recurrence rate.

Comparison of two quantitation methods of circulating tumor cells in patients with small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a quantitative method to detect circulating tumor cells (CTC) in patients with small cell lung cancer, and analyze its sensitivity and stability.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A specific primer and probe for prepro-gastrin-releasing peptide (preproGRP) was designed and a quantitative RT-PCR method was established to detect preproGRP mRNA. Cell incorporation method was used to evaluate the sensitivity. Magnetic cell sorting (MACS) was used to isolate and purify CTC from peripheral blood, and the MACS in combination with morphological diagnosis were used for cell counting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The isolation rate of CTC by MACS was 30% and the lower detection limit was 5 cells per ml blood. The sensitivity of quantitative RT-PCR in detection of preproGRP mRNA in CTC was 0.64 cells per reaction, and the lower detection limit was 50 cells per ml blood, which was lower than that of MACS. However, the cell numbers calculated by Ct value was in greater accordance (about 80%) with actual cell numbers than that obtained by MACS.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PreproGRP quantitative RT-PCR and MACS have both advantages and disadvantages in detecting CTC of SCLC patients. MACS has a higher sensitivity, and is more favorable when CTC count is below 50 per ml blood. Meanwhile, preproGRP mRNA quantitative RT-PCR is more reliable in calculating actual cell numbers.</p>

The application of electroacupuncture to postoperative rehabilitation of total knee replacement / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of electroacupuncture therapy for postoperative rehabilitation of total knee replacement of knee osteoarthritis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy cases of total knee replacement of knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into an acupuncture-rehabilitation group and a rehabilitation group, thirty five cases in each group. In acupuncture-rehabilitation group, routine rehabilitation therapy combined with electroacupuncture therapy was applied. The acupoints selection was mainly based on pathological location; Xuehai (SP 10), Liangqiu (ST 34), Dubi (ST 35), Neixiyan (EX-LE 4) and Yanglingquan (GB 34), etc. were selected. In rehabilitation group, routine rehabilitation therapy was applied. The functions of affected knee in both groups were evaluated by artificial total knee replacement scale of the New York Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), range of motion (ROM) of affected knee, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of pain and Manual Muscle Test (MMT) before, and 2, 6 and 12 weeks after surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HSS scores in acupuncture-rehabilitation group were markedly higher than those in rehabilitation group in 2, 6 and 12 weeks after surgery (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); VAS scores in acupuncture-rehabilitation group were markedly lower than those in rehabilitation group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); ROM and MMT in acupuncture-rehabilitation group were little superior to those in rehabilitation group, however, there was no significant difference (all P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rehabilitation therapy combined with electroacupuncture can obviously restrain the pain during rehabilitation process for total knee replacement patients, improve the endurance capacity of rehabilitation training and motivation, and obviously promote the recovery of total knee joint function.</p>

Clinical value of CEA and CYFRA21-1 as an assessment indicator of therapeutic efficacy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) as an assessment indicator of therapeutic efficacy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>228 cases of advanced NSCLC with chemotherapy were enrolled into this retrospective study. The serum CEA or CYFRA21-1 levels of all patients were above the cut-off limit before treatment. The relationship between changes of tumor markers (TMs) and imaging therapeutic efficacy or progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed, and the value of TMs in therapeutic efficacy assessment was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to RECIST criteria, partial response (PR) occurred in 40 cases, stable disease (SD) in 151 and PD (progressive disease) in 37. The cut-off values of the changes of TMs between pre- and post-treatment were determined according to the above mentioned criteria. The CEA down (D), stable (S), above (A) groups were 90, 49 and 66 cases, respectively. CYFRA21-1 down (D), stable (S), above (A) groups were 84, 26 and 37 cases, respectively. PR groups were 68.4% and 88.9% in CEA and cyfra21-1 down groups, respectively, 7.9% and 5.6% in the above groups, respectively. PD groups were 59.4% and 76.2% in CEA and CYFRA21-1 above groups, respectively. No PD cases were in the down groups. The changes of TMs in SD group were between them. Statistically significant correlations were observed between changes of TMs and imaging therapeutic efficacy (r(CEA) = 0.45, P = 0.00; r(CYFRA21-1) = 0.44, P = 0.00). PFS among different TMs groups were significantly different (all P < 0.05), which can be used to further distinguish the prognosis among SD subgroups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Changes of TMs can be used to predict the imaging therapeutic effect and PFS of the patients, and if the SD group is divided into subgroups according to different therapeutic efficacy and prognosis, it may help the patients to receive individualized treatment.</p>